Complete SEO Glossary

Essential terms for search engine optimization.

A-Z SEO Terms

A comprehensive reference guide covering key concepts, techniques, and terminology in search engine optimization.

A/B testing
Testing two different versions of a webpage or campaign element against each other to determine which performs better.
Above the fold
Content visible on a webpage without scrolling.
Absolute URL
A complete link to a page (e.g. https://www.wavesandalgorithms.com/services/).
Algorithm
The complex program used by search engines to collect, store, and deliver results in response to queries.
Alt text
A description for images, useful if images fail to load or assist visually impaired users.
Analytics
Collecting and analyzing data to gain actionable insights for campaigns or strategy improvement.
Anchor text
Clickable words in a link, describing the linked page's topic.
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Simulation of human intelligence by machines, enabling decision-making without human intervention.
Authority
Perceived quality and relevance of a website, contributing to higher rankings.
Backlink
An incoming link to your page from another website.
Backlink analysis
Reviewing links to your website, identifying good and bad sources.
Black-hat SEO
Techniques violating search engine guidelines.
Bounce rate
Percentage of visitors who leave a webpage without interacting further.
Breadcrumb navigation
A path showing the relationship between web pages for easier navigation.
Broken link
A non-working link resulting in a 404 error.
Cache
Temporary storage of web content.
Canonical URL
The preferred URL for a page, reducing duplicate content issues.
Click-through rate (CTR)
Percentage of users who click on your site in the search results.
Cloaking
Showing different content to search engines and users, against Google's guidelines.
Content management system (CMS)
Backend software for managing website content (e.g. WordPress, Joomla).
Core Web Vitals
Metrics for user experience performance, confirmed as ranking factors by Google.
Crawler
A bot that discovers and indexes web pages for search engines.
Crawling
The gathering of data from webpages by search engine bots.
De-index
Removal of web pages from search results.
Disavow
Tool to remove association with spammy inbound links.
Domain authority
Measure of a domain's quality and relevance affecting SEO ranking.
Duplicate content
Content very similar or identical to another page.
Dwell time
Time spent by visitors on a site before returning to results.
E-A-T
Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness—three key signals for quality.
E-E-A-T
Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness—four quality signals.
Featured snippet
A summary answer box shown above organic results for some queries.
Findability
How easily content can be found by users and search engines.
Freshness
How new content is, important for certain queries.
Google Analytics
Free analytics platform for tracking site traffic and behavior.
Googlebot
The name of Google's web crawler.
Google penalties
Negative consequences for violating Google's practices, lowering rankings or removing results.
Gray hat
SEO tactics around the edge of guidelines.
Guest blogging
Writing for other websites to earn a backlink.
Heading
HTML tag to separate content by topic/importance.
Homepage
The main entry page for a website.
JavaScript SEO
Techniques for ensuring content rendered or modified by JavaScript is properly crawled and indexed by search engines.
Keyword
Targeted words/phrases for SEO.
Keyword cannibalization
Multiple pages on a site target the same keyword, confusing search engines.
Keyword density
Frequency of a keyword's appearance.
Keyword stuffing
Excessive keyword use, penalized by Google.
Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI)
Analysis method that identifies relationships between terms and concepts in content to improve relevance signals.
Landing page
The first page seen when clicking a link or ad.
Link building
Efforts to acquire inbound links.
Log File Analysis
Examination of server log files to understand how search engine bots crawl a site and identify crawl errors or inefficiencies.
Machine learning
AI subset allowing computers to learn without explicit programming.
Meta description
Brief summary of a webpage shown in search results.
Mobile-First Indexing
Google's practice of using the mobile version of a site's content for indexing and ranking.
Negative SEO
Trying to lower competitor rankings via manipulative tactics.
Negative Keywords
In paid search campaigns, terms added to prevent ads from showing for irrelevant queries, improving ROI.
On-page SEO
SEO tactics performed on your website.
Organic search
Unpaid results in search engines.
Page speed
Time for a webpage to load.
Pillar Content
Comprehensive, authoritative pages on core topics that link to and from more specific cluster pages to signal topical depth.
PPC (Pay-per-click)
Paid ads where businesses pay when a user clicks.
Quality content
Content that is relevant, engaging, useful, and helps meet goals.
Ranking factor
Criteria affecting a site's ranking in search.
Referral Traffic
Visitors arriving via links on other websites rather than from search engines or direct entry.
Robots.txt
A text file at a site's root that instructs search engine crawlers which pages or directories can or cannot be accessed.
Schema markup
Code that helps search engines understand page content.
Search engine optimization (SEO)
Improving site visibility and ranking in search engines.
SERP
Search engine results page.
SERP Features
Specialized elements on search results pages—such as knowledge panels, image carousels, and local packs—that go beyond traditional organic listings.
Sitemap
List of pages on a website.
Sitemap Index
A file that lists multiple XML sitemaps, enabling larger sites to organize and submit sitemap files efficiently.
Structured Data
Standardized markup (e.g., schema.org) added to HTML to help search engines understand content context and enable rich results.
Technical SEO
Optimizing technical site elements for search engines.
Thin content
Content offering little user value, penalized by Google.
Title tag
HTML element naming a page.
Topical Authority
The degree to which a site or page demonstrates depth and breadth of expertise on a specific subject, influencing ranking potential.
User experience (UX)
Overall experience of website users.
UTM Parameters
Query string tags appended to URLs (e.g., utm_source, utm_medium) used to track campaign performance in analytics tools.
Video SEO
Optimization of video content for search—encompassing metadata, structured data, transcriptions, and hosting considerations—to improve visibility.
Voice search
Technology for conducting online searches by voice.
White-hat SEO
SEO practices within search engine guidelines.
XML Sitemap
An XML file that lists a site's URLs along with metadata (e.g., last modified date), guiding search engines through site structure.
YMYL (Your Money or Your Life)
Pages or topics that can impact a person's health, finances, safety, or well-being; held to higher quality standards by search engines.
Zero-Click Searches
Queries where the answer is provided directly on the results page (e.g., featured snippet), eliminating the need to click through to a website.